Introspection in Python | Codersarts

Introspection used to self examination of python objects Properties and type at the runtime. By using introspection, we can dynamically inspect Python objects.

It returns a sorted list of attributes and methods belonging to an object.

syntax:

>>> dir(())

Output:

['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__eq__',

'__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getnewargs__',

'__getslice__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__',

'__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__',

'__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__',

'__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'count', 'index']

obj = classname()

print(dir(obj))

print(dir([]))

print(dir({}))

print(dir(1))

print(dir())

print(dir(len))

print(dir(sys))

print(dir("String"))

In dir() add modules using import

>>> import math, os

>>> dir()

It import two module, math and os in dir()

It returns the type of an object.

Example:

#!/usr/bin/python3

# typefun.py

import sys

def function():

pass

class MyClass(object):

def __init__(self):

pass

o = MyClass()

print(type(1))

print(type(""))

print(type([]))

print(type({}))

Output:

<class 'int'>

<class 'str'>

<class 'list'>

<class 'dict'>

It returns a special id of an object.

Example:

#!/usr/bin/python3

# idfun.py

import sys

def function():

pass

class MyClass(object):

def __init__(self):

pass

o = MyClass()

print(id(1))

print(id(""))

print(id({}))

print(id([]))

Output:

10914368

139696088742576

139696087935944

139696065155784

It provides access to system specific variables and functions used or maintained by the interpreter and to functions that interact strongly with the interpreter.

First import the sys module:

>>> import sys

If you want to check which platform is running currently then use this

>>> sys.platform

It return the system python where python script folder exists:

>>> sys.path

It checks if an object has an attribute

It checks if an object is a callable object (a function).

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