Machine Learning Project Help - Naïve Bayer Classifier using Scartch

Bayes’ Theorem provides a way that we can calculate the probability of a piece of data belonging to a given class, given our prior knowledge. Bayes’ Theorem is stated as:

#probability of peace of data
P(class|data) = (P(data|class) * P(class)) / P(data)

Where P(class|data) is the probability of class given the provided data.

Naive Bayes is a classification algorithm for binary (two-class) and multiclass classification problems. It is called Naive Bayes or idiot Bayes because the calculations of the probabilities for each class are simplified to make their calculations tractable.

Data Sets

You can download data set from here – download data sets from here

There are 150 observations with 4 input variables and 1 output variable. The variable names are as follows:

• Sepal length in cm.

• Sepal width in cm.

• Petal length in cm.

• Petal width in cm.

• Class

This Naive Bayes tutorial is broken down into 5 parts:

• Step 1: Separate By Class.

• Step 2: Summarize Dataset.

• Step 3: Summarize Data By Class.

• Step 4: Gaussian Probability Density Function.

• Step 5: Class Probabilities.

Types of Naive Bayes Classifier

Multinomial Naive Bayes

This is mostly used for the document classification problems, i.e whether a document belongs to the category of sports, politics, technology, etc. The features/predictors used by the classifier are the frequency of the words present in the document.

Bernoulli Naive Bayes

This is similar to the multinomial naive Bayes but the predictors are boolean variables. The parameters that we use to predict the class variable take up only values yes or no, for example, if a word occurs in the text or not.

Gaussian Naive Bayes

When the predictors take up a continuous value and are not discrete, we assume that these values are sampled from a gaussian distribution

Import libraries

Naive Bayes On The Iris Dataset

#Import Libraries
from csv import reader
from random import seed
from random import randrange
from math import sqrt
from math import exp
from math import pi

Load a CSV file

#Load CSV file
def load_csv(filename):
      dataset = list()
      with open(filename, 'r') as file:
              csv_reader = reader(file)
                   for row in csv_reader:
                   if not row:
                       continue
                   dataset.append(row)
       return dataset
                   

# Convert string column to float
def str_column_to_float(dataset, column):
       for row in dataset:
             row[column] = float(row[column].strip())

Convert string column to integer

#Convirt String to Integer
def str_column_to_int(dataset, column):
       class_values = [row[column] for row in dataset]
       unique = set(class_values)
       lookup = dict()
       for i, value in enumerate(unique):
            lookup[value] = i
       for row in dataset:
            row[column] = lookup[row[column]]
       return lookup

Find the accuracy

# Calculate accuracy percentage
def accuracy_metric(actual, predicted):
       correct = 0
       for i in range(len(actual)):
             if actual[i] == predicted[i]:
            correct += 1
       return correct / float(len(actual)) * 100.0

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