This is the process of cleaning, transforming, and modeling data for extract relevant and useful information. There are many tools which used to analysis the data which is as:
Xplenty,
Microsoft HDInsight,
Skytree,
Talend,
Splice Machine,
Spark,
Plotly,
Apache SAMOA,
Lumify,
Elasticsearch,
R-Programming,
IBM SPSS Modeler,
and more others.
There are different techniques that are used for data analysis which is listed below:
Data Exploration
Summary Statistics
Distribution analysis
One-Way Frequencies
Correlation Analysis
Table Analysis
t-Tests
Predictive Analysis
Prescriptive Analysis
Statistical Analysis
Text Analysis
Data Exploration
Data exploration is the initial steps in data analysis, it used the techniques of data visualization which is done manually or with the help of many data visualization techniques.
Data Exploration is about describing the data by means of statistical and visualization techniques. We explore data in order to bring important aspects of that data into focus for further analysis.
Univariate analysis explores variables (attributes) one by one. Variables could be either categorical or numerical.
There are two types of Univariate Analysis:
Categorical Variables
Numerical Variables
Bivariate Analysis
Bivariate analysis is the simultaneous analysis of two variables (attributes). It explores the concept of the relationship between two variables
There are three types of bivariate analysis.
Numerical & Numerical
Categorical & Categorical
Numerical & Categorical
Summary Statistics or Descriptive
This technique is used to summarizing or describing the data. It uses two approaches:
Quantitative Approach
Visual Approach
Descriptive statistics can be used on one or many datasets or variables
Distribution analysis
A distribution analysis helps us understand the distribution of the various attributes of our data.
There are different types of distribution used in machine learning:
Types of Distributions:
Bernoulli Distribution
Uniform Distribution
Binomial Distribution
Normal Distribution
Poisson Distribution
One-Way Frequencies
The One-Way Frequencies task generates frequency tables from your data. You can also use this task to perform binomial and chi-square tests.
One-Way Tables
Create frequency tables (also known as crosstabs) in pandas using the pd.crosstab() function.
Example:
One_way_table_data = pd.crosstab(index=titanic_train["Survived"],
columns="count") # Make a crosstab
One_way_table_data # Name the count column
You can use value_counts() to cross - check these counts
titanic_train.count.value_counts()you can get the same result.
Correlation Analysis
Data correlation is the way in which one set of data may correspond to another set.
Correlation is a bivariate analysis that measures the strength of association between two variables and the direction of the relationship. In terms of the strength of relationship, the value of the correlation coefficient varies between +1 and -1.
Usually, in statistics, we measure four types of correlations: Pearson correlation, Kendall rank correlation, Spearman correlation, and the Point-Biserial correlation. The software below allows you to very easily conduct a correlation.
Syntax used to find a correlation
dataframe.corr(method='',min_periods=1)Where,
method: {‘pearson’, ‘kendall’, ‘spearman’}
Table Analysis
Often you need to analyze the information in a table, sometimes called a contingency table or a cross-classification table. You may analyze a single table, or you may analyze a set of tables.
Using the Table Analysis task, not only can you analyze a single table, but you can also analyze sets of tables. This provides a way to control, or adjust for, a covariate while assessing the association of the rows and columns of the tables.
t-Tests
The t-test (also called Student’s T-Test) compares two averages(means) and tells you if they are different from each other.
The Student’s t-test is a statistical hypothesis test for testing whether two samples are expected to have been drawn from the same population.
Predictive Analysis
In this extracting information from existing data in order to determine patterns and predict future outcomes. It does not tell you what will happen in the future. Instead, it forecasts what might happen in the future with an acceptable level of reliability, and includes what-if scenarios and risk assessment.
Prescriptive Analysis
This is another types type of data analytics—the use of technology to help businesses make better decisions through the analysis of raw data. Specifically, prescriptive analytics factors information about possible situations or scenarios, available resources, past performance, and current performance, and suggests a course of action or strategy.
Statistical Analysis
It’s the science of collecting, exploring and presenting large amounts of data to discover underlying patterns and trends. Statistics are applied every day – in research, industry and government – to become more scientific about decisions that need to be made.
Other some important techniques
Linear models
Survival Analysis
Multivariate Analysis
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